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Still a long way to go
Are all sanitary pads of good quality? The Bureau of Indian Standards set out standards for disposable sanitary pads (IS 5405), but these are not enforced. As a result, sanitary pads are more widely available through different channels, but their quality varies greatly.
Do girls and women have sufficient knowledge about the products used? The simple answer is “no”. The popular messaging around sanitary pads (For example, super absorbent, 12-hour protection, scents to mask unseemly odours) obscures the importance of hygienic use, a critical pillar of MHM
What happens to sanitary pads once they are used and thrown? Widespread sanitary pad promotion has overlooked disposal. This issue is concerning for two inter-related reasons. First, when girls lack access to disposal facilities, they tend to use a hygienic/safe product in an unhygienic manner — they often extend its use beyond the recommended time (sometimes using a single pad for a whole day). When this happens, it places the girl at increased risk for infection, and has critical health implications.
Second, discarding sanitary pads is concerning as we do not have feasible and scalable solutions for managing this waste safely, having implications for girls and women, as well as for the environment.
Research indicates that pads are typically thrown in the open and in water bodies, and field experiences suggests that used materials are also discarded in toilets and in incinerators. The use of incinerators is particularly concerning. While they offer an immediate and convenient way of dealing with waste, most incinerators in India do not adhere to emission norms set by the Central Pollution Control Board. Because of inefficient combustion, these small-scale incinerators release toxic fumes into the immediate environment — potentially affecting the health of girls.
Efforts to promote sanitary pads are important, but must emphasise choice, and address the issue holistically by looking at how waste also affects use and health.
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